Flight delays and cancellations: The psychology of waiting and why a delay feels so much longer

(Director’s note: Delays and cancellations are a part of travel and are never easy. But there are ways you can fight back. Freelance writer K. Blaauw breaks it all down in this guest blog.)

Flight delays and cancellations are a common inconvenience for travelers worldwide. Waiting for a delayed flight can be frustrating, but it also tends to feel much longer than it actually is. This is partly due to our perception of time but mainly because of the uncertainty that often accompanies a delay.

Fortunately, passengers often have rights and compensation options available. This article explores why delays seem to last forever and what options passengers have to make the best of their situation, including their right to compensation from airlines such as Ryanair, easyJet, and major U.S. carriers like Delta, American Airlines and United Airlines.

Why waiting for a delayed flight feels longer?

One of the biggest factors that make waiting during a delay difficult is uncertainty. When passengers have no clear idea of how long the delay will last or why it is happening, time feels like it moves slower. Airlines like Ryanair and easyJet strive to keep passengers informed, but sometimes updates are delayed, or circumstances change unexpectedly. The same applies to U.S. airlines, where delays can often be caused by weather disruptions, air traffic congestion, or technical issues.

Additionally, boredom plays a role. A delay often means long periods of sitting around with little to do, especially if airport facilities are limited. This makes time feel like it is dragging on. Finding distractions, such as reading a book, watching a movie or checking for compensation eligibility can help make the wait more bearable.

Passenger rights (EU, UK, and U.S.)

Many passengers are unaware that they may be entitled to compensation for significant delays or cancellations. Both EU regulations (Regulation EC 261/2004) and the UK’s Air Passenger Rights and Air Travel Organisers Licensing (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 provide protections for passengers facing these disruptions.

In the U.S., while compensation rules are different, airlines still have policies regarding rebooking and reimbursement under Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations.

Delays: When are you entitled to compensation in Europe?

Passengers may be eligible for Ryanair compensation or easyJet compensation if:

  • The flight arrived more than three hours late at its destination.
  • The delay was not caused by extraordinary circumstances (such as extreme weather or air traffic control strikes).
  • The flight departed from an EU country or the UK, or was operated by a European or UK-based airline.

The amount of compensation depends on flight distance:

  • Flights shorter than 1,500 km: Up to £220 per passenger
  • Flights between 1,500 and 3,500 km: Up to £350 per passenger
  • Flights longer than 1,500 km (within the EU): Up to £350 per passenger
  • Flights longer than 3,500 km (outside the EU): Up to £520 per passenger

What about U.S. airlines?

Unlike the EU, U.S. airlines are not required to compensate passengers for flight delays. However, major carriers such as Delta, American Airlines and United Airlines have their own policies regarding rebooking and meal vouchers for lengthy delays.

If a flight is delayed due to reasons within the airline’s control, some U.S. carriers may offer compensation in the form of travel credits or refunds. Passengers should check their airline’s Contract of Carriage for details on their rights in case of long delays.

Cancellations: What are your rights?

If a flight is canceled, passengers can choose between:

  • A full refund of their ticket.
  • An alternative flight offered by the airline.

Passengers may also be eligible for compensation in Europe if:

  • The cancellation was announced less than 14 days before departure.
  • The airline is responsible for the cancellation.

In the U.S., DOT regulations require airlines to refund passengers in case of cancellations, regardless of the reason. Airlines may also offer rebooking on the next available flight.

What can Americans do if they miss a flight in Europe?

For American travelers in Europe, missing a flight due to delays or tight connections can be stressful. However, there are some steps they can take:

  1. Check your rights under EU261: If you are flying with a European airline or departing from an EU airport, you may be entitled to compensation or a rebooked flight.
  2. Contact the airline immediately: U.S. travelers should reach out to the airline as soon as possible to explore options for rebooking.
  3. Use travel insurance: Many travel insurance policies cover missed flights, providing reimbursement for new tickets or accommodation.
  4. Consider credit card travel protections: Some U.S. credit cards offer trip delay or cancellation insurance that can help recover expenses.

How to make a delay more manageable

While delays are never ideal, passengers can take steps to make waiting more bearable:

  • Stay informed: Regularly check airline updates and use airline apps to receive real-time notifications.
  • Know your rights: Understand your entitlement to compensation and ensure you file your claim in time.
  • Find distractions: Use the waiting time to read a book, watch a series or plan the rest of your trip.
  • Take advantage of compensation: If your flight is delayed, file a claim immediately to make the most of your lost time.

Conclusion

Flight delays and cancellations can be frustrating, but with the right knowledge and approach, passengers can make the best of the situation. Airlines like Ryanair and easyJet have established compensation policies that provide financial relief to affected travelers, ensuring that delays do not have to result in a complete loss of time and money. Meanwhile, American travelers should be aware of the different policies for U.S. airlines and take proactive steps, such as travel insurance, to mitigate potential disruptions.

By understanding your rights and taking quick action, you can not only receive compensation but also travel with greater peace of mind. A delay doesn’t always have to be a negative experience. With the right mindset and preparation, you can turn it into an opportunity to gain something back from the inconvenience.